安装

pip install requests

发送请求

发送 GET 请求

url = '<http://httpbin.org/get>'
resp = requests.get(url )

发送 POST 请求

url = '<http://httpbin.org/post>'
resp = requests.post(url)

指定请求方法

url = '<http://httpbin.org/post>'
resp = requests.request(method='post', url=url)

传输参数

GET 和 POST 都可以传递 URL 参数

params = {"page": 3}
requests.get(url, params=params)

POST 通过 multipart/form-data 传递参数，GET 请求不可以

data = {"username": "yuz", "password": "123456"}
requests.post(url, data=data)

POST 通过 json 传递参数，GET 请求不可以

data = {"username": "yuz", "password": "123456"}
requests.post(url, json=data)

获取响应

获取文本

resp.text

获取 json

resp.json()

获取二进制数据

resp.content

它们之间的关系

鉴权

session 鉴权

课堂派中就是使用这种方式，登录后获取用户信息不需要手工添加其他的参数了。

def login_with_session():
    s = requests.Session()
    login_url = 'https://v4.ketangpai.com/UserApi/login'
    data = {
        "email": "wagyu2016@163.com",
        "password": "admin123456",
        "remember": "0"
    }
    s.post(login_url, data)

    user_url = 'https://v4.ketangpai.com/UserApi/getUserInfo'
    r = s.get(user_url)
    print(r.text)

也可以手工添加 cookie：

def login():
    url = 'https://v4.ketangpai.com/UserApi/login'
    data = {
        "email": "wagyu2016@163.com",
        "password": "admin123456",
        "remember": "0"
    }
    r = requests.post(url, data)
    sid = r.cookies.get('PHPSESSID')

    url = '<https://v4.ketangpai.com/UserApi/getUserInfo>'
    r = requests.get(url, cookies={'PHPSESSID': sid})
    print(r.text)

token

def login():
    url = 'http://api.lemonban.com/futureloan/member/login'
    headers = {
        "X-Lemonban-Media-Type": "lemonban.v2"
    }
    data = {
        "mobile_phone": "18111112222",
        "pwd": "12345678"
    }
    r = requests.post(url, json=data, headers=headers)
    content = r.json()

    member_id = content['data']['id']
    token_type = content['data']['token_info']['token_type']
    token = content['data']['token_info']['token']

    url = f'<http://api.lemonban.com/futureloan/member/{member_id}/info>'
    headers = {
        'Authorization': token_type + ' ' + token,
        "X-Lemonban-Media-Type": "lemonban.v2"
    }
    r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
    print(r.text)

扩展

• xml 格式数据请求和响应解析（application/xml）